Trupedia
Biomarkers
Every biomarker we test, what it measures, and what your result means.
66 entries
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- Active B12 (Holotranscobalamin) The biologically available fraction of vitamin B12 — a more sensitive early marker of functional deficiency than total…
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) The most sensitive and specific marker of liver cell damage — elevated ALT signals that hepatocytes are inflamed,…
- Albumin The liver's key export protein — serum albumin reflects the liver's synthetic function and nutritional status, and is…
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) A marker of bone and liver disease — elevated ALP indicates either bone turnover abnormalities or bile duct…
- Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) A tumour marker for liver and testicular cancers — AFP is used in diagnosis, monitoring, and surveillance of…
- Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) The marker of ovarian reserve — AMH reflects the remaining egg supply and is widely used in fertility…
- Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) The structural protein of HDL — ApoA1 directly measures HDL particle function and is a powerful negative cardiovascular…
- Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) The most accurate measure of atherogenic particle burden — each LDL, VLDL, and IDL particle carries exactly one…
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- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) The body's primary inflammation marker — CRP rises rapidly in response to infection, injury, or chronic disease, making…
- CA 15-3 A tumour marker associated with breast cancer — CA 15-3 is used mainly to monitor treatment and detect…
- CA 19-9 A tumour marker most associated with pancreatic and biliary cancers — CA 19-9 is used mainly to support…
- CA-125 A tumour marker most associated with ovarian cancer — CA-125 is used mainly to investigate symptoms and monitor…
- Calcium The most abundant mineral in the body — 99% stored in bones and teeth, with serum calcium tightly…
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) A tumour marker most associated with bowel cancer — CEA is used mainly to monitor treatment and detect…
- Complement C3 A central protein of the immune complement system — C3 levels help diagnose and monitor autoimmune diseases such…
- Complement C4 A complement protein of the classical pathway — C4 is measured alongside C3 to diagnose and monitor lupus,…
- Cortisol The body's main stress hormone — cortisol regulates metabolism, blood pressure, and the stress response, and is key…
- Creatinine The primary marker of kidney filtration capacity — serum creatinine rises when the kidneys lose their ability to…
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- eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) The standard measure of kidney filtration capacity — eGFR is used to diagnose and stage chronic kidney disease…
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) A long-established marker of inflammation — ESR rises in infection, autoimmune disease, and certain cancers, and is especially…
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- Fasting Glucose A snapshot measure of blood sugar after overnight fasting — used alongside HbA1c to diagnose diabetes, identify impaired…
- Fasting Insulin The earliest marker of insulin resistance — elevated fasting insulin reveals metabolic dysfunction years before blood glucose or…
- Ferritin The body's main iron storage protein — the single most sensitive and reliable marker for diagnosing iron deficiency…
- Folate (Vitamin B9) An essential B vitamin required for DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and the critical prevention of neural…
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) The pituitary hormone driving egg and sperm production — FSH is central to assessing fertility, ovarian reserve, and…
- Free Androgen Index (FAI) A calculated estimate of bioavailable testosterone — FAI combines total testosterone and SHBG to assess androgen status, especially…
- Free Testosterone The biologically active fraction of testosterone — free testosterone reflects the hormone actually available to your tissues, often…
- Free Thyroxine (Free T4) The main thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland — measured alongside TSH to confirm diagnosis and assess…
- Free Triiodothyronine (Free T3) The most biologically active thyroid hormone — the final step in the thyroid pathway that directly regulates cellular…
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- Haemoglobin The oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells — low haemoglobin defines anaemia and explains fatigue, breathlessness, and pale…
- HbA1c (Glycated Haemoglobin) The gold-standard test for long-term blood sugar control — HbA1c reflects your average glucose level over the past…
- HDL Cholesterol The protective 'good' cholesterol — HDL removes excess cholesterol from the arterial wall and transports it back to…
- HOMA-IR (Insulin Resistance Index) A calculated index of insulin resistance using fasting glucose and insulin — HOMA-IR quantifies how hard your pancreas…
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- LDL Cholesterol The primary driver of atherosclerosis — LDL cholesterol is the most important lipid treatment target for reducing heart…
- Lipoprotein(a) — Lp(a) The genetically determined cardiovascular risk factor — Lp(a) is a unique lipoprotein that promotes atherosclerosis and blood clotting…
- Luteinising Hormone (LH) The pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation and testosterone production — LH is central to fertility assessment in both…
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- Platelets The clotting cells, platelet count reveals whether the blood can clot effectively, with both too few (bleeding risk)…
- Progesterone The hormone of the second half of the cycle — progesterone confirms ovulation, supports early pregnancy, and balances…
- Prolactin The milk-production hormone — prolactin also influences fertility, and elevated levels are a common and treatable cause of…
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA Total) The principal screening marker for prostate health — total PSA helps detect prostate cancer, benign enlargement, and prostatitis,…
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- Testosterone (Total) The principal male sex hormone — total testosterone is essential for libido, muscle mass, bone strength, mood, and…
- Thyroglobulin Antibodies (TG Ab) A thyroid autoimmune marker — elevated levels indicate the immune system is targeting thyroglobulin, the protein that stores…
- Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPO Ab) The principal autoimmune marker for Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease — confirms the immune system is attacking the…
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) The pituitary signal that controls thyroid hormone production — the single most important first-line test for assessing thyroid…
- Total Cholesterol A key cardiovascular screening marker — total cholesterol measures all cholesterol in the blood and is interpreted alongside…
- Total Protein A measure of all proteins circulating in the blood — total protein reflects liver synthetic function and helps…
- Transferrin The iron-transport protein of the bloodstream — elevated in iron deficiency and reduced in iron overload, infection, and…
- Triglycerides The main form of fat stored in the body — elevated triglycerides are a marker of metabolic dysfunction…